ኡንደርስታንዲንግ ማላርአ

ወባ አብዛኛውን ጊዜ የሚከሰተው በተበከለ ትንኝ ንክሻ ነው። ንክሻው ትናንሽ ጥገኛ ተሕዋስያን ወደ ደም ውስጥ እንዲገቡ ያስችላቸዋል. የወባ ስርጭት ከአፍሪካ እስከ ደቡብ እስያ አልፎ ተርፎም ወደ አንዳንድ የአውሮፓ እና የፓሲፊክ ደሴቶች አካባቢዎች የሚደርስ ሲሆን የትኛውንም የህዝብ ቡድን አያጠቃልልም ነገር ግን በትናንሽ ህጻናት እና አረጋውያን ላይ ክፉኛ ይመታል (1). ከፍተኛ የወባ በሽታ ባለባቸው ቦታዎች መኖር ግለሰቦች ከፍተኛ ጥንቃቄ ማድረግ አለባቸው። ወባ ላጋጠማቸው ወይም ለአደጋ የተጋለጡ ሰዎች በመጀመሪያ የምልክት ምልክቶች ሲታዩ አፋጣኝ የሕክምና እርዳታ ማግኘት አስፈላጊ ነው። የመከላከያ እርምጃዎች እንደ ትንኞች, የወባ ትንኝ መረቦች እና ተስማሚ ልብሶች በጣም ጠቃሚ ናቸው. ለወባ ከፍተኛ ተጋላጭነት ወዳለባቸው ቦታዎች ለሚሄዱ ተጓዦች፣ ብዙ ጊዜ የመከላከያ መድሃኒቶች ይመከራሉ.

የወባ ምልክቶች

የወባ ምልክቶች ትኩሳት፣ ብርድ ብርድ ማለት፣ ከባድ መንቀጥቀጥ፣ ራስ ምታት፣ የጡንቻ ህመም እና ድካም (1፣2) ናቸው። ሕመሙ እየገፋ ሲሄድ እንደ የደረት ሕመም፣ የመተንፈስ ችግር እና የምግብ መፈጨት ችግር ያሉ ይበልጥ አሳሳቢ የሆኑ ምልክቶች ሊታዩ ይችላሉ። በጣም በከፋ መልኩ ወባ የደም ማነስ፣ ጃንዲስ እና ሴሬብራል ወባ ሊያስከትል ይችላል፣ ይህም ወደ ኮማ ሊያመራ እና ለሞት ሊዳርግ ይችላል (1,2,). የሕመሙ ምልክቶች የሚጀምሩት ከአሥር ቀናት እስከ አንድ ዓመት ድረስ ከመጀመሪያው ትንኝ ንክሻ በኋላ ነው.

የወባ በሽታ ምርመራ

የወባ በሽታን ለይቶ ለማወቅ አጠቃላይ የሕክምና ምርመራ እና የላብራቶሪ ምርመራዎች ጥምረት ያስፈልገዋል. የጤና እንክብካቤ አቅራቢዎች የታካሚውን የህክምና ታሪክ እና ምልክቶችን ይገመግማሉ እና የወባ ጥገኛ መኖሩን ለማረጋገጥ የደም ምርመራዎችን ይጠቀማሉ (2).

የወባ ህክምና

በጣም ውጤታማ የሕክምና ዘዴዎችን ለመወሰን የወባውን አይነት መለየት በጣም ጠቃሚ ነው. ሕክምናው አብዛኛውን ጊዜ እንደ አርቴሚሲኒን፣ ክሎሮኪይን፣ ዶክሲሳይክሊን እና ሌሎች የመሳሰሉ የፀረ ወባ መድሐኒቶችን ያካትታል። የመድኃኒቱ ምርጫ የሚወሰነው በተካተቱት የወባ ተውሳኮች ልዩ ዓይነት እና ጥገኛ ተህዋሲያን መድኃኒት የመቋቋም አቅም ላይ ነው (2).

ዋቢዎች

1. Gema Ruíz López del Prado, Cristina Hernán García, Lourdes Moreno Cea, Virginia Fernández, Espinilla, Fe Muñoz Moreno, Antonio Delgado Márquez, José Polo Polo, Irene Andrés García, Malaria in developing countries, (2014), The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, volume 8, issue 1. (PDF) Malaria in developing countries (researchgate.net)

2. Louis H Miller, Hans C Ackerman, Xin-zhuan Su, and Thomas E Wellems (2013) Nature Medicine, volume 19, issue 2, pages 156–167. Malaria biology and disease pathogenesis: insights for new treatments - PMC (nih.gov)