Nigeria inakabiliwa na tishio la unene. Inakadiriwa kuwa takriban watu milioni kumi na mbili nchini Nigeria watakuwa wanene kupita kiasi ifikapo mwaka 2020 (1). Mabadiliko ya mifumo ya lishe inayoonyeshwa na ulaji wa vyakula vilivyosindikwa yameongeza kiwango cha unene wa kupindukia (1).
Kinyume chake, miji ya kiuchumi kama vile Accra (Ghana) na Kinshasa (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo) inashiriki viwango vya unene wa kupindukia na Nigeria, ambayo inaonyesha athari za miji kwenye vyakula vya asili (4, 5). Kinyume chake, data inaonyesha kwamba kuna kiwango cha juu cha kuenea kwa fetma nchini Misri kuliko Nigeria (6,7).
Lagos na Abuja, miji mikuu ya Nigeria, ina viwango vya juu vya unene wa kupindukia (1). Takwimu za unene wa kupindukia kutoka miji mingine zinaonyesha kuwa zaidi ya asilimia ishirini ya wakazi wa London wana unene kupita kiasi (2) na zaidi ya asilimia kumi na mbili ya wakazi wa New York wana uzito uliopitiliza (3). Kwa hiyo, kuenea kwa fetma katika miji ya Nigeria ni ya chini kuliko ile ya miji mingine mikubwa katika Ulaya Magharibi (1,2).
Miji ya Japani kama Tokyo inaonyesha viwango vya chini vya unene wa kupindukia ikilinganishwa na miji ya Magharibi inayolingana (3). Katika miji kama Tokyo, mazoea yanayohusiana na kula na kutembea yanaweza kuwasaidia watu hawa kudumisha uzito wa chini. Kwa hivyo, ongezeko la kunenepa kupita kiasi lisionekane kuwa lisiloepukika katika miji mikubwa nchini Nigeria kama vile Abuja na Lagos. Madrid ni jiji lisilo na watu wengi kuliko London na New York City (8).
Muhtasari huu wa viwango vya unene unaonyesha athari za lishe na mtindo wa maisha kwenye viwango vya unene kupita kiasi. Kwa hivyo, miji kama Lagos na Abuja bado iko katika hatua ambapo matatizo yanayohusiana na unene wa kupindukia yanayoonekana katika ulimwengu wa magharibi yanaweza kuzuiwa.
Soma zaidi
(1) Adeloye, D., Ige-Elegbede, J.O., Ezejimofor, M., Owolabi, E.O., Ezeigwe, N., Omoyele, C., Mpazanje, R.G., Dewan, M.T., Agogo, E., Gadanya, M.A. and Alemu, W., 2021. Estimating the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria in 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of medicine, 53(1), pp.495-507. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07853890.2021.1897665
(2) Aswathikutty, A., Marcenes, W., Stansfeld, S.A. and Bernabé, E., 2017. Obesity, physical activity and traumatic dental injuries in adolescents from East London. Dental traumatology, 33(2), pp.137-142. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10069253/7/Aswathikutty_Obesity_physical_activity_and_ASWATHIKUTTY_Publishedonline19January2017_GREEN_AAM_.pdf
(3) Tamakoshi, A., Yatsuya, H., Lin, Y., Tamakoshi, K., Kondo, T., Suzuki, S., Yagyu, K., Kikuchi, S. and JACC Study Group, 2010. BMI and all‐cause mortality among Japanese older adults: findings from the Japan collaborative cohort study. Obesity, 18(2), pp.362-369. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1038/oby.2009.190
(4) Duda, R.B., Darko, R., Seffah, J., Adanu, R.M., Anarfi, J.K. and Hill, A.G., 2007. Prevalence of obesity in women of Accra, Ghana. African Journal of Health Sciences, 14(3), pp.154-159. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajhs/article/download/30855/62546
(5) On’Kin, J.K.L., Longo-Mbenza, B., Okwe, A.N. and Kabangu, N.K., 2007. Survey of abdominal obesities in an adult urban population of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 18(5), p.300. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975547/
(6) Mowafi, M., Khadr, Z., Kawachi, I., Subramanian, S.V., Hill, A. and Bennett, G.G., 2014. Socioeconomic status and obesity in Cairo, Egypt: a heavy burden for all. Journal of epidemiology and global health, 4(1), pp.13-21. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210600613000877
(7) Aboulghate, M., Elaghoury, A., Elebrashy, I., Elkafrawy, N., Elshishiney, G., Abul-Magd, E., Bassiouny, E., Toaima, D., Elezbawy, B., Fasseeh, A. and Abaza, S., 2021. The burden of obesity in Egypt. Frontiers in public health, 9, p.718978. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.718978/full
(8) Cereijo, L., Gullón, P., Del Cura, I., Valadés, D., Bilal, U., Badland, H. and Franco, M., 2022. Exercise facilities and the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the city of Madrid. Diabetologia, 65, pp.150-158. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-021-05582-5
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